Safety mechanism for straight-pull breech-actions of military rifles.



SAFETY yMECHANISM FOR STRAIGHT PULL BREECH ACTIONS 0F MILITARY RIFLESyAPPLICATION AFILIE-,I'J MAY 27,-1; I 5.

Parentedsept. 28, 1915.-

198/,y7 31v w V I Q li'new and useful Improvements in' "'.HANs.s'rAMi/i, or sfr'.

UNITED sTATEsLLrENT OFFICE; j

GALLEN, swrrzERLAn-D, AssIG'NoR SAUBER, or ARBoN, SWITZERLAND.

To ATHE'. FIRM 0F ADoLPH SAFETY MEcHANIsM Fon STRAIGHT-@ULLBannon-ACTIONS or MILIT'ABYRIFLES..

T all whom it mciyronc'm:

- Be it known that I`HANS'STAMM, a citi- Zen of the Republic ofSwitzerland, residing at.v St. Gallen. Switzerland, have inventedMechanisms for Straight-Full Breech-Actions of' Military Rifles; and Idohereby declare the following tol be a full, clear, and

, exact description of the invention, such' as will en'able othersskilled in the art to which' it appertains to make and use the same, ref

, erence beinghad to the accompanying drawings, and to letters orfigures of reference i marked thereon, which forma part of this "16specification] i In my Unitedy States Patent. Number #1,124,071, catedJanuary 5, 1914., I have described a safety mechanism for a straight ofVrotating relatively to the striker nut which is screwed lon yit and isformed with v Specification of 'mmm Patent.

' application filed-nay 27, 1915, serial No. 0,773'." n

Safety 1,/ pull breech action with a rotary bolt for y20A militaryriiies, wherein the striker is capable i' the striker lug, so that they'striker can vbev Ydrawn back tofsafety by a partial turn by 2,5 handin both the bolted and unbolted positions of the breech actionl and alsowhen the breech action Yhas been taken outv of the breech frame. In thatsafety mechanism the striker is prevented from rotating in both therelease and safety positions,

means of a spring safety pin which 1s mounted in the striker nut an'd isadapted to snap into suitable catches in the head of the striker. Inthat mechanism the striker nut and the striker head carryingr thesafety' 4 arm from the safety position, whichv might Further,

give rise to serious consequences. fin that arrangement the cooking ofthe striker is effected 4independently of the operation forplacingit atsafety, that is to say, the striker must be drawn back by hand for thispurpose.

The present inventlon has now for its object to remedy those drawbacks,and to this end thel Aguidesleeveis formedat its rear 59 with anenlargement having two mutually facing lateral notches into which thestrikerwith the safety arm can beinserted with a turning movement forthe purpose of being. placed at safety and frelease7 and in .which itisiheld Vby thetension ofthe strik- `and Fig. 8 is a perspective viewPatented ing spring- In/thifs/operation,owing to the Sept. 28, 1915.,

axial movement of the strike-r the striker lug is caught'by .the scarand isthereby cocked;

and ,it'remains cocked after the mechanism mechanism ofa partly shownmilitary rifle with the striker released after a shot has been fired.AFig. 2 is a horizontalsection of the rear portion of the -breech actionas shown in Fig. 1and 1*`iy;.'3 is rear View of Fig. 2. Fig.v 4 isavertical longitudinal -sec'- tion of ,the straight pull breechvactionwith the striker cocked and partly at safety. Fig. is ahorizontal section'of the rear portion of the breech action as shown inFig. 4. Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate the guiding sleeve, of the striker nut.l l f As shown, the militaryriie has a straight pull breechactioncapable of moving to-andfrol in a'straight line in a stationary breechframe l which is rigidly lfixed to the barrel c) with two lockingr nibsl provided with trans- Vamy The breech action comprises the" rotary ibreech bolt formed at its enlarged rear end' verse inclined surfacesb(Figs. 1 andft);

these nibs are made in one piece with the breech bolt., The breechaction comprises further the bolt-actuating sleeve 5 which is -end .ofthe latter, and is adapted to slide toand-fro along the same; it isprovided in the usual manner with a handle (not shown) by means of whichthe' said sleeve and with itv thelentire breech action can bemvedtoand-fro in the breech frame forthe purpose of opening andfclosingthe breech. 'y For the reception of the locking nibs 4 in locking thebreech action there are provided on the rear end of the breech frame 1two locking cavities 7 which are limited at the rear bythe stops 8(Figs. 1 and 4).

For' thegpurpose of imparting to 'the breech bolt the rotary motionrequired for locking and unlocking, the breech bolt is bolt-actuatingsleeve 5 projects with corresponding screw pieces 10. ing sleeve 5 isable to move longitudinally to such an extent that its motion on thebreech formed with screw- Grooves 9 into which the i The bolt-actuatboltwill cause the latterV tomake a quarter..I turn (90 degrees), the nibs`4being rotated into. and out of theA l cavities-.7. xThe, movement of thebolt-,actuating sleeve on the breech bolt is limitedrearwardly by thestdp surface 3 on the -breech bolt (Fig. 1), and.

forwardlyby the head of the cartridge case extractor (not shown) which1s mounted on thebolt-actuating sleeve.

w 'The Striking mechanism. is mOllIted in the breech bolt 3; it consistsof the striker 1v1 "t which carries on its forward end the removablestriker needle v12, and on its rear end a hea-ld 13 having a laterallyprojecting 1 5 safety. arm 14 (Figi 2)'. 1 This arm has ingfront a smallnosellf. The striker is acted.l upon by the strikingy spring y'l5 whichbears i at one end'against the strilerneedl'e 12fand'- l .atf'its otherend against tli'e vguiding sleeve zo 1G sereweljinto the breech/bolt' 31*:3). This guiding sleeve is formed at its rear end 4with an enlargedpart 17 hav# ing a ycylindrical bore which receives the st'rikei".nath-ISV and the head 13, lying be- 2'5 hind it, of the striker, Thestriker 11 has a screw threaded portion 19 on which the striker nutisscrewed. 'he guiding sleeve 16 is formed with lateral notches 20, 21 ofdifferent depths; situated diametrically fac j ing each other, that is,"180 degrees apart, into whicl.'the"safety arm 14 enters in thesafetyand release positionsv of the striker, and; in which it can besecuredvk against rotating in an extremely reliable m'anrer by thetension of the strlklng slnzingl JCF 2, 3 and 5, 7). The notches 2O and2 1 `are furnished in front with re- -zcesses 'for the nose 1:1 ofthesafety arm .(Fig. 2).

The' pitch of the` screwthread 'of the '.striker nut and ofthe strikerllis such thatfliivtii/r-niang thesafety arln 14 the striker vlisscrewed.'back' in the striker nut, and "thereby-the' striker needle inthe breech bolt is-"drawn back and consequently placed at safety to a.suilicient extent. The striker ni'lt'lS Vprojects with a fillet 18(Fig. 8) "formed'on-its underside into a longitudinal slot 22 (Figs. 1and 3) in the guiding sleeve 17. From them'nlerside of this fillet thereprojects a lug 23. and from, the front end of the fillet there projectsthe safety nose 24 (Fig. 3) which coperates in thc same manner asdescribed in niyv aforesaid patent, witl'l'two notches .25 and 2G (Fig,4) formed 90 degrees apart in the rear end `of 4the breech boltfor thepurpose of moving `the breech bolt'l auton-xatically to safetyn i Thenotch 25 is deeper than the notch 2G so as to permit the striker withits nut 1S. to shoot 'forward in the discharge of tht` rifle. whereasthe notch 26 in which thc nose 2l enters after the unlocking ot' thebreech bolt and which is connected by`an inclined surface to the notch25. serves to `keep the striker drawn backat safety The lower half ofthe part 17 of the guidsleeve 16 projects beyond the upper half of thepart 17fso-as to'present a support for the striker head 13 when thesafety 70 arm is turned.'

27 is the'spring cartridge case ejector which is mounted'below thebreech bolt with freedom of-vertical movement; it serves to "'sleeve` 5is Lin its forward position on the .v breech bolt, and the striker nut18 projects with its 'nose "24into the deeper notch 25' in the rear endof the vbreech bolt, While the safety arm 14'of thepstriker 11 is.engaged in the deeper notch 20 of the guiding sleeve 1G, 17 that is tosay, it is in its released position.. To open the breech action theyboltactuating sleeve 5 is drawn back. This 95 movement produces at`first by means of the A screw grooves 9 and" screw pieces 10a rotationofvthe breech bolt 3', andthus-un- 'locks the'. breech action, while thedis.

charged empty cartridge case is loosened to 1.00 a .considerable degreeby the transverse 1nnclination of the locking nibs 4.

Toward the Aend of the unlocking movement the rear end of thebolt-actuating vsleeve strikes against the stop face 3 of 105 lthebreech bolt. and the lockingr nibs 4 pass out of the cavities 7 of the.breech frame; and from this instant onward the entire breech action isdrawn back behind the loading opening At the saine instant the loosenedempty cartridge case is ejected by vthe ejector 27 situated underneathbehind the loading opening. and'vduring the ba.ck. wardniovement of thebolt-actuating sleeve that is to sav, during the unlocking ro- 11.5tation, ofthe breech bolt. the striker 11. is' placed automatically atsafety by the fact that the nose 24 of the striker nut 18 moves into thcless deep notch 26 .in the-'rear end of the breech bolt whereby thebreech bolt 129.

S is prevented at the same time from r0- -tating to any further extent.

ln closing the breech, the straight forward pushing ofthe bolt-actuatingsleeve. 5 effects .b v means of the breech bolt head the push- 125.,

ing of a fresh cartridge (which has been pressed up out of the magazine)into the barrel. and at the same time inthe forward pus-hing of thebreech action'the striker lug on the-nut 18 is stopped by the'sear lug130 31, and the striking spring 'is compressed. When the breech bolt 3strikes the rear end ofgthe barrel behind 'thecartridge, the for wardmovement of .thebolt-actuating sleeve (which alone is now moved) causesthrough the medium of the screw grooves 9 and screw pieces 10, thebreech and thereby become cocked again. In this discharging theV rifle."Since howeyer the bolt yto turn againl movement the nose 24e on thestriker nut'18 opposite the deeper notch 25 inthe rear end of thebreech` bolt into which it enters when the rifle is discharged.v Therifle is thus again' -ready to be fired. In ad- .dition to thisautomatic vplacing vof the striker and `breech bolt at safety during'the opening of the breech action which placing at safety operates'in thesaine manner as described in my aforesaidv patent, thestriker 11, may,as hereinbefore stated, also be .in'toi'the left v`hand slot 21 in theguidingV tempo rary placed atsaf'ety by hand, before the 'shot is fired,that is, before the breech action is opened. For that purpose the safetyarm 14 with the striker is` drawn back out of the right-hand slot 2O(Fig. 2), and turned through 180 degrees `over to the le ft withrotationof the striker, and is then engaged sleeve 16,` 117. vSincehowever in withdraw ing the f `striker the striker vnut with thestriker'lug 23 comes behind the lug 31 of the scar, the turned over safety arm14 with the strikeris 4also Yable for the present to be inserted forafslight distance, that is, with the nose 11, into the safety slot 21 ofthe'guiding sleeve 16, 17, under the inuence of the striking spring 15,because the striker lug abuts against the vscar lugl and is preventedbythe latter from shooting forward, to say, it is locked (Figs. 4 and5). DuringI this first stage of the safety operation the strikingmechanism has thus beenv 'cocked `and at the saine time placed at*safety While in its cockcdstate. This is however only a safetyfposition during the fighting in the firing line. By drawing the safetyarm lll back for ashort distance and turning it over in its cockedstate, out of the lefthand slot 21 back into the right hand slot 2O ofthe guiding sleeve (Fig. 2),'.the rilie is all once restored to itscocked condii tion ready( for firing. Y

lug, and thus .allow Then it" is desired to place the rifle at safetyfor a long period. then, when the safety arm 14 is in the safety notch21, the trigger 2f) is pulled to release. the striker the safety arm of`the striker to enter 'completely into the notch 2.1 (dotted position inFig.` 5l. lBut since, as hereinbefore stated. the turning ove'r of thear|n 14, that is the rotation of thejtriker relatively to the strikernut '137 ycaused :l screwing back of the striker in the strikernut "(asdescribed in"1ny aforesaid patent) the striker needle is no lf'lngerable to come in contact with the-detonator of the car-` that is lug 23cmthe striker nut is again stopped by 15 the Sear-lug 31, the lstriker 11can nowmove only a shortr distance. into the .right hand slot wherebythe riileis now releasedfrom safety\`and' isagainready for tiring,u l

Thus laccording to thepresent invention, '80

in contradistinction to the construction described in myaforesaidpatent, the operation of placing the striker11at safety ef'`fects at the same time the cockingofthe striker Whichiremains cockedeven after the release until the shot `is fired., lThat is to say,/1nthe present case, it is not necessary after the release, to pull'backthestriker specially, in order to cockl it, asin theconstructiondescribed in my aforesaidfpatentlQO The tWo slots 2() and 21 in the`guiding sleeve 16, 17 on the left hand for` placing at safety, andonlthe right for cooking and iirf ing, are provided simply forpreventing rotation of the striker, and theyl musthave a depthsufficient to allow thesafety varm 14,

when the striker cocked,jto enter'fat all 'times with its nose ltintothe recesses at the ends ofv the slots 20, 2 1 in order that theAcocking and safety. noses of the striker nut shall always beable to bepressed by the striking Spring-15 without hindrance either into thedeeper notch 25 Vofy the breech bolt for firing .the shht, Aor into theless deep safety notch 26 of the breech bolt, because-105 these twonotches in the breech bolt are designed lto couple the breech bolt inboth its locked and unlocked conditions, always in the correctpositionrelativeto the guiding sleevel, 17, without being liable to beturned or shifted.

Owing to the simplicity of construction it is a very easy mattei' totake' the breech action apart and 'put it together again.

After removal of the breech yaction from the l l nut, out of the guidingsleeve 16, 17 fro1n behind` and the striker vis screwed out of thestriker nut'lS.I v-

The putting togetherV 1s effected .in the reverse order with equalj easeand'simpl1c1ty- The striker 11 with the striker 'n ,ut' 18 is ing to thepresent invention has in addition lfrom the front Aover the long y ofthe striker, and the striker .pled/ to the striker 11 in front ofthekstriklng spring. The whole is then screwed into the breech bolt 3from behind by means of behind. Then the saiking'spring is'slippedneedle is fcouthe sleeve 16, 17, whereupon the breech action can bereadily pushed into the breech frame.

The improvedsafety mechanism accordto the hereinbefore stated advantagethat vthe striker is cocked in the securing movementythe furtheradvantage over the safety mechanism described in my aforesaid-patent,that the striker nut and the head of the striker With the safety arm,lie in the released-and safety positions in the guiding l sleeve,protected against. external injurious influences and againstunintentional turning and shifting.'v

What Iv Wish to claim is: 1.. In a straight pull. breech action formilitary ritles, abreech frame, a rotary breech bolt therein, astrikingapparatus in the breech boltcomprising a striker having a. safety arm, astriker spring, and a striker nut Screwed on the striker Aand havlng alug,

.said striker capable ofrotating relatively to said nut, and a guidesleeve for the striker movably Xed in the back part of the breech boltand receiving said nut andsafety arm,

' said sleeve being' providedy with means `to hold the striker by thetensibn of the striker spring at safety and at release.

,2. In a straight pull breech action for.

blej of rotating relatively to said nut, a

. guide sleeve for the striker mo-vably fixed in the hack part ofthebreech bolt and having an enlarged rear part to receive said nut andthe safety arm, said sleeve having two lateral diamet-rically oppositenotches into whlch the safety arm can be inserted by a rotary movementand be held therein Abyy the tension of the striking springL for 'thepurpose of at release.I

3'. straight pull breech actionfor milita-ry rifles, ab'reech frame, arotary breech bolt therein, a striking apparatus in the breecliboltcomprising a striker having a safety arm, a striker spring,l and astriker nut screwed on the striker and having a, lug, the strikercapable of rot-ating relatively `to said nut` a guide sleeve for thestriker mova/bly fixed in the back part'of the breech bolt -and havingan enlarged rear part with a cylindrical bore to recelve sald nutlandthe' front pgrtion said striker capable of, rotating relatively oplacing the striker at safety and 'head of the striker, said sleevehaving two lateral diametrically opposite notches' ofdiflerent depthinto which the safety'arm can be inserted bya rotary movement and beheld therein by the tension ofthe striking spring for the purpose ofplacing the striker at safety and at'release, and mea-ns to catch andcock thestrike-r bythe axial movement resulting therefrom.

In a straight pull breechv action for militaryl rifles, a breech. frame,a rotary breech bolt therein, the breech bolt comprising a str ikerhaving a striking. apparatus in a safety arm, a striker spring, astriker nut screwed on the striker and having a lug, said strikercapable of rotating relatively to said nut, a guide sleeve for thestriker movably fixed in the back-part ofthe breech-bolt and having anvenlarged rear part to receive thestriker nut and the head of thestriker, said sleeve havingA two lateral diametrically opposite notchesinto which the safety arm can be inserted by a rotary; movement and beheld therein by the tensionof the striking springfor the purpose ofplacing the striker at safety and at release, andga/ Sear lug adapted tocatch the striker y the striker lug and to cock the striker by theaxialv movement resulting therefrom to bring the striker in the releasedand safety position. l v f 5. In a straight pullbreech action formilitary rifles, a breech frame, a rotary breech bolt therein, astrikingapparatus in the breech bolt comprising va striker havizxg asafety arm, a striker spring, a striker screwedpn the striker andhavinga le the nut, a guide slee\'e for the striker mov? ably fixed inthe back partA of the breech boltand having an enlarged re'ar part toreceive the strikernut and the head of the striker, vsaid sleevehavingtwo lateral diae metrically opposite notches into Which ,thesafety arm can be inserted by a rotary movement andl be held therein' bythe tension of the striking spring for the purpose `of placing bthestriker at safetyand at release,

means to Acock the striker inthe securing1 movement, and means on vthesafety arm tc prevent the cockedA striker from rotating' H:

said nut, a lguide sleeve for the striker mov- While in the safetylposition and immedil` aLly fixed in the back part of the breech holt andhaving an enlarged rear part to re- `cei ve the striker nutand thesafetyarm; the

enlarged part of the sleeve having tWo lateral` diametrically oppositenotches into Y vhieh the safety arm can ven be inserted by a rotarymovement and be held therein by the tension ofthe striking spring forthe pnrpose of placing the striker at safety and at release, means tocock the striker in the securing movement, the safety arm of the strikerprovided Awith a Aforwardly directed nose adapted one or" two notches inthe guiding sleeve that the cocked striker is prevented from rotatv ing'while in the safety position and mime-f A'ii'ately before firing. 1

.\ Yf military breech bolt therein, the breech bolt comprising a 7. In.a straight pull breech action for rifles, a breech frame, a rotary astriking apparatus in screwed on the striker and having aY lng,

said striker capable of rotating relatively to said nut, a guide sleeve`for the striker movably fixed in the back part of the breech ,bolt andhaving` an enlarged rear part to receive the striker nut and the head ofthe striker,

said sleeve having tivo lateral diametricallyopposite notches into whichthe safety arm can be inserted, by a rotary move? movement, means' onment and be held therein by the tension' ofv the purpose of plac' thestrikingspring for ing the striker at safety and at release, Ineens tocock the striker in. the securing the safety 'farm to prevent the cock`d striker from rotating f while in the safety position and immediatelybefore vfiring, and means to prevent lrotary movementsv of v'the toenter to such a depth into -striker,

striker having a safety arm, a striker spring, a striker nnt\ avrotation of the striker striker. l

'pullbreech action for breech frame, la 4rotary apparatlis' in 8. In -astraight military rifles, a'V breech-bolt therein, 'afstriking nut byaxial and I the 'breech' bolt comprising a striker having a safety arm,alstriker spring and a striker nut screwed on the striker and .having -alug, said striker capable OrOtatingEi-elatively to said nut, a` guidesleeve for the striker movably fixed inthe back part of the breech rmovement, means on the safety arm to pre# vent the cocked strikerfromvrotating While in the safety position and immediately before ring, theenlarged portion of the gud* ing sleeve having a longitidinal slotthrough which a fillet on thestriker nut projects, whereby the'strikernut is prevented from In testimony that I claim the foregoing as myinvention, I .have signed my :name in presence of two subscribingWitnesses. f,

Witnesses y prpose of plac- I "HANS sTAMM.

